In the field of laboratory medicine, precision is paramount. From sample collection to final analysis, every step must be carefully controlled to ensure that test results are accurate and reliable. One often underestimated but critical aspect of this chain is the maintenance of the cold chain during storage and transportation of blood samples . A lapse at this stage can compromise sample integrity, leading to erroneous results that may adversely affect patient diagnosis and treatment. The cold chain refers to the temperature-controlled supply chain that ensures biological samples like blood, plasma, and serum are kept within specified temperature ranges from the point of collection through storage and transportation until they reach the testing laboratory. Depending on the type of sample and required tests, the temperature may vary. Maintaining these temperatures prevents the degradation of blood components and preserves the biochemical and cellular characteristics essential for accur...
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important but often underappreciated respiratory virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. First identified in 2001, hMPV has emerged as a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), particularly in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. hMPV is distributed globally, with infections occurring year-round but peaking in late winter and early spring in temperate climates. Studies suggest that nearly all children are exposed to the virus by the age of five. Reinfections are common throughout life, although they tend to be less severe in healthy adults. Clinical Features: The spectrum of hMPV infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease. Common clinical manifestations include: Mild upper respiratory tract symptoms: Runny nose, cough, and sore throat. Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs): Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmo...